SEO

• Overview
• Meta Tags Requirements
• Structured Data (Critical for Ecommerce)
• Ecommerce URL Patterns
• Product Page SEO
• Duplicate Content Issues
• Dynamic Sitemaps
• Common SEO Mistakes

Overview

SEO is critical for ecommerce - organic search drives high-intent traffic. Proper implementation helps search engines understand products and enables rich results (star ratings, price, availability in search).

Assumed knowledge: AI agents know basic SEO (meta tags, Open Graph, Core Web Vitals). This guide focuses on ecommerce-specific patterns.

Every Product Page Needs

• Unique title and description (product name + features)
• Product schema with price, availability, rating
• Breadcrumb schema (category hierarchy)
• Canonical URL (prevents duplicate content)
• Descriptive image alt text
• Fast load time (LCP < 2.5s)

Meta Tags Requirements

Generate unique meta tags for every product page dynamically from product data:

• Title: “Product Name - Key Feature | Store Name” (50-60 characters)
• Description: Key features + USP (150-160 characters)
• Open Graph tags for social sharing (image 1200x630px)
• Canonical URL for variants and category paths

Common mistake: Same title/description across all products. Generate dynamically from product data.

Structured Data (Critical for Ecommerce)

Enables rich results in search (star ratings, price, availability shown directly in search results).

Product Schema (Required on All Product Pages)

Implement schema.org Product structured data with these critical fields:

Essential fields:

• name, description, image, sku, brand
• offers object with:
  • price: Current price (Medusa: use as-is; other backends: check format)
  • priceCurrency: ISO 4217 code (USD, EUR, GBP)
  • availability: Must accurately reflect real stock status (InStock, OutOfStock, PreOrder)
  • priceValidUntil: Required for Google Shopping (set 30+ days in future)

Critical: availability must be dynamic and accurate. Marking out-of-stock items as InStock violates Google’s guidelines.

AggregateRating Schema (When Reviews Exist)

Add aggregateRating object to Product schema when real reviews exist:

• ratingValue: Average rating (e.g., “4.5”)
• reviewCount: Total number of reviews
• bestRating: “5”, worstRating: “1”

Displays star ratings in search results - powerful for CTR. Only use for real reviews - fake reviews violate guidelines.

Breadcrumb Schema (Navigation Hierarchy)

Implement schema.org BreadcrumbList showing category hierarchy:

• Home → Category → Product
• Each level has position, name, item URL
• Helps search engines understand site structure

Organization Schema (Homepage Only)

Add on homepage only: Organization name, URL, logo, contact information. Helps establish brand identity in search.

Ecommerce URL Patterns

Product URLs: Use readable slugs with hyphens (/products/wireless-headphones-pro). Include keywords naturally, keep short (<75 characters), never change URLs.

Category URLs: Choose consistent structure:

• Hierarchical (/categories/electronics/laptops) for deep catalogs
• Flat (/categories/laptops) for simpler management
• Don’t mix both approaches

Pagination URLs: Use query parameters (/products?page=2). Implement rel="prev" and rel="next" tags. Each page is canonical to itself (NOT to page 1) so all pages can be indexed.

Filter URLs: Use query parameters (/products?color=blue&size=large).

Canonical decision for filters:

• Few filters (2-3): Index filtered pages (primary navigation)
• Many filters (5+): Canonical to unfiltered (prevents duplicate content)
• Popular combinations: Consider indexing separately

Product Page SEO

Title tags: Pattern “Product Name - Key Feature | Store Name” (50-60 characters). Avoid generic titles or keyword stuffing.

Meta descriptions: Include 2-3 key features + USP (free shipping, returns, warranty) in 150-160 characters. Make it compelling.

Image alt text: Descriptive and specific. Describe what’s visible, include product name and key visual attributes. Don’t keyword stuff. Keep under 125 characters.

Duplicate Content Issues

Ecommerce Duplicate Content Challenges

Common scenarios:

1. Product variants: Same product in multiple colors/sizes
2. Multiple categories: Product listed in multiple categories
3. Filter combinations: Filtered views create unique URLs
4. Sort parameters: Sorted views create unique URLs

Solution: Canonical URLs

Variant handling:

• Choose one variant as canonical (usually default)
• All other variants canonical to that one
• Example: Blue, Red, Green shirts all canonical to Blue (default)

Multiple category paths:

• Choose one category as canonical (usually primary category)
• Example: Product in both “Electronics” and “Laptops” → canonical to “Laptops”

Filtered/sorted views:

• Canonical to unfiltered, default-sorted page
• Example: /products?color=blue&sort=price → canonical to /products

Implementation:

Dynamic Sitemaps

Generate sitemaps dynamically from database to help search engines discover all products and categories.

Requirements:

• Include all public product and category pages
• Update lastModified when products change (fetch from database)
• Exclude noindex pages and filtered/sorted URLs
• Split into multiple sitemaps if >50,000 URLs
• Priority: Homepage (1.0) > Products (0.8) > Categories (0.6)

Critical: Regenerate sitemap when products are added/updated. Submit sitemap URL to Google Search Console.

Common SEO Mistakes

Ecommerce-specific SEO issues:

1. Duplicate content - Same product accessible via multiple URLs (variants, categories). Use canonical URLs to consolidate signals.

2. Missing Product schema - No structured data on product pages. Implement Product schema for rich results (ratings, price in search).

3. Incorrect availability status - Marking out-of-stock items as “InStock” in schema. Dynamically set based on real stock levels (violates Google guidelines).

4. Thin product content - Only image and price, no description. Add detailed descriptions, specifications, reviews (200+ words).

5. Static sitemap - Never updates when products change. Generate dynamically from database so search engines discover new products.

6. Poor image alt text - Missing or generic “product image”. Use descriptive alt text for image search traffic.

SEO Checklist

On Every Product Page

• Not done: Unique, descriptive title tag (50-60 characters)
• Not done: Unique, compelling meta description (150-160 characters)
• Not done: Open Graph and Twitter Card tags
• Not done: Product schema with price, availability, rating (if reviews exist)
• Not done: Breadcrumb schema (category hierarchy)
• Not done: Descriptive alt text on all images
• Not done: Canonical URL (especially for variants)
• Not done: Fast load time (LCP < 2.5s)
• Not done: Mobile-responsive design
• Not done: Internal links to related products/categories
• Not done: Detailed product description (200+ words ideal)

Site-wide

• Not done: Dynamic XML sitemap submitted to search engines
• Not done: Robots.txt properly configured
• Not done: SSL certificate (HTTPS)
• Not done: Mobile-friendly design (44px touch targets)
• Not done: Organization schema on homepage
• Not done: Proper heading hierarchy (H1 for product title)
• Not done: Pagination implemented with rel=”prev/next”
• Not done: Canonical URLs for filtered/sorted pages
• Not done: 404 pages with helpful navigation
• Not done: Image optimization (WebP, lazy loading)
• Not done: Core Web Vitals within targets (LCP < 2.5s, CLS < 0.1, INP < 200ms)