Sources

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Foundational perception and design (see foundations.md)

1. Jacques Bertin, Semiology of Graphics (1967; English 1983, Esri reissue 2010) — the visual variables and their levels of organization; origin of encoding channels.
2. William Cleveland & Robert McGill, “Graphical Perception” (JASA 79:387, 1984) — https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01621459.1984.10478080 (opens in a new tab) — experimental accuracy ranking of perceptual tasks.
3. Jock Mackinlay, “Automating the Design of Graphical Presentations” (ACM TOG, 1986) — effectiveness rankings per data type.
4. Jeffrey Heer & Michael Bostock, “Crowdsourcing Graphical Perception” (CHI 2010) — https://idl.uw.edu/papers/crowdsourcing-graphical-perception (opens in a new tab) — web-scale replication; chart-height and gridline-spacing findings.
5. Edward Tufte, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information (Graphics Press, 1983/2001) — https://www.edwardtufte.com/book/the-visual-display-of-quantitative-information/ (opens in a new tab) — data-ink ratio, chartjunk, lie factor, small multiples, graphical integrity.
6. Ben Shneiderman, “The Eyes Have It” (IEEE VL 1996) — https://www.cs.umd.edu/~ben/papers/Shneiderman1996eyes.pdf (opens in a new tab) — the information-seeking mantra and task×data-type taxonomy.
7. Tamara Munzner, “A Nested Model for Visualization Design and Validation” (IEEE TVCG, 2009) — https://www.cs.ubc.ca/labs/imager/tr/2009/NestedModel/ (opens in a new tab) — and Visualization Analysis and Design (CRC, 2014) — https://www.cs.ubc.ca/~tmm/vadbook/ (opens in a new tab) — nested model, what-why-how, modern channel rankings.
8. Hadley Wickham, “A Layered Grammar of Graphics” — https://vita.had.co.nz/papers/layered-grammar.pdf (opens in a new tab) — compositional model of mappings, marks, transforms, scales, facets.

Practitioner guidance

9. Stephen Few, Common Pitfalls in Dashboard Design; Save the Pies for Dessert; “The Chartjunk Debate” — https://www.perceptualedge.com/ (opens in a new tab) — dashboard-as-monitoring, at-a-glance goals, perceptual comparison limits, pie alternatives. Copyrighted; research input only.
10. Financial Times Visual Journalism, Visual Vocabulary — https://github.com/Financial-Times/chart-doctor/tree/main/visual-vocabulary (opens in a new tab) — task-oriented chart taxonomy.
11. UK Government Analysis Function, Data visualisation: charts — https://analysisfunction.civilservice.gov.uk/policy-store/data-visualisation-charts/ (opens in a new tab) — practical chart, titling, and accessibility guidance.
12. Tableau, Best Practices for Effective Dashboards — https://help.tableau.com/current/pro/desktop/en-us/dashboards_best_practices.htm (opens in a new tab) — audience, display size, view limits, placement.
13. Bach et al., “Dashboard Design Patterns” — https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.00757 (opens in a new tab) — systematic dashboard design-choice space.

Storytelling and infographics (see infographics.md)

14. Alberto Cairo, The Functional Art (2012), The Truthful Art (2016) — http://www.thefunctionalart.com/ (opens in a new tab) — five qualities (truthful, functional, beautiful, insightful, enlightening); the Visualization Wheel trade-off axes.
15. Cole Nussbaumer Knaflic, Storytelling with Data (Wiley, 2015) — https://www.storytellingwithdata.com/books (opens in a new tab) — context, Big Idea, clutter, attention, designer thinking, narrative structure. Copyrighted; research input only.
16. Randy Krum, Cool Infographics (Wiley, 2013) — https://coolinfographics.com/book/ (opens in a new tab) — 5-second rule, three-act infographic structure, sourcing footer norms.
17. Nathan Yau, Visualize This / FlowingData — https://flowingdata.com/ (opens in a new tab) — data-first workflow; visualization as the end of an analysis pipeline.
18. Bateman et al., “Useful Junk?” (CHI 2010) — https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1753326.1753716 (opens in a new tab) — embellishment effects on recall; scope limits apply.
19. Borkin et al., “What Makes a Visualization Memorable?” (IEEE TVCG, 2013) and “Beyond Memorability” (2015) — https://vcg.seas.harvard.edu/ (opens in a new tab) — memorability drivers; titles dominate recall.
20. Nielsen Norman Group, F-pattern and text-scanning eyetracking research — https://www.nngroup.com/articles/text-scanning-patterns-eyetracking/ (opens in a new tab) — scanning is a coping behavior to design against.

Accessibility (see color-accessibility.md)

21. W3C, WCAG 2.2 — https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG22/ (opens in a new tab) — SC 1.1.1, 1.4.1, 1.4.3, 1.4.11, 1.4.13, 2.1.1, 2.4.7 as applied to charts.
22. Frank Elavsky, Chartability — https://chartability.fizz.studio/ (opens in a new tab) — POUR+CAF framework; 50 heuristics, 14 critical. CC-BY-SA.
23. Amy Cesal, “Writing Alt Text for Data Visualization” (Nightingale, 2020) — https://medium.com/nightingale/writing-alt-text-for-data-visualization-2a218ef43f81 (opens in a new tab) — practitioner alt-text formula.
24. Alan Lundgard & Arvind Satyanarayan, “Accessible Visualization via Natural Language Descriptions” (IEEE VIS 2021) — https://vis.csail.mit.edu/pubs/vis-text-model/ (opens in a new tab) — four-level semantic model; L2/L3 content is most valued by blind readers.
25. Datawrapper Academy, alt-text guidance — https://www.datawrapper.de/academy/how-to-write-good-alternative-descriptions-for-your-data-visualization (opens in a new tab)
26. W3C WAI / Léonie Watson / Highcharts — accessible SVG patterns — https://www.w3.org/wiki/SVG_Accessibility/ARIA_roles_for_charts (opens in a new tab), https://tink.uk/accessible-svg-line-graphs/ (opens in a new tab), https://www.highcharts.com/docs/accessibility/accessibility-module (opens in a new tab)
27. Viz Palette (Elijah Meeks & Susie Lu) — https://projects.susielu.com/viz-palette (opens in a new tab) — CVD simulation; ColorBrewer (Cynthia Brewer) — https://colorbrewer2.org (opens in a new tab) — CVD-safe scheme filter.